Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matope ouma ndi iti? Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa latex wosungunukanso

Dothi louma limatanthauza zinthu zophwanyika kapena zaufa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza zinthu zosakaniza, zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zowonjezera zomwe zauma ndi kufufutidwa pamlingo winawake. Kodi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa dothi louma ndi ziti? Dothi louma nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito simenti ya Portland ngati zinthu zosakaniza, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosakaniza nthawi zambiri kumakhala 20% mpaka 40% ya dothi louma; Ma aggregates ambiri abwino ndi mchenga wa quartz ndipo amafunika kutsukidwa kwambiri monga kuumitsa ndi kufufutidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti kukula kwa tinthu tawo ndi khalidwe lawo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za fomula; Nthawi zina phulusa louluka, ufa wa slag, ndi zina zotero zimawonjezedwanso ngati zosakaniza; Zosakaniza nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, kuyambira 1% mpaka 3%, koma zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za fomula yazinthu kuti ziwongolere kugwira ntchito, kuyika, mphamvu, kuchepa, ndi kukana chisanu kwa dothilo.

Kodi mitundu iti ya zowonjezera za matope ouma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chiyani?

Ufa wa latex wosungunukanso

Ufa wa latex wosungunukanso ukhoza kusintha zinthu zotsatirazi mu matope ouma:

① Kusunga madzi ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa matope atsopano osakanizidwa;

② Kugwira ntchito kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za maziko;

③ Kusinthasintha ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya matope;

④ Mphamvu yopindika ndi kugwirizana;

⑤ Kukana kuvala;

⑥ Kulimba mtima;

⑦ Kulimba (kusalephera).

Kugwiritsa ntchitoufa wa latex wosungunukansoMu matope opaka pulasitala, chomangira matailosi a ceramic, makina otetezera makoma akunja, ndi zipangizo zodziyeretsera pansi zawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.

Chosungira madzi ndi chokhuthala

Zinthu zothira madzi zimaphatikizapoethers a cellulose, starch ethers, ndi zina zotero. Cellulose ether yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma ndi makamaka methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC) ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC).

Wochepetsa madzi

Ntchito yaikulu ya zinthu zochepetsera madzi ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa madzi mu matope, motero kukulitsa mphamvu yake yopondereza. Zinthu zazikulu zochepetsera madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma ndi monga casein, mankhwala ochepetsera madzi ochokera ku naphthalene, melamine formaldehyde condensate, ndi polycarboxylic acid. Casein ndi superplasticizer yabwino kwambiri, makamaka pa matope owonda, koma chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, ubwino wake ndi mtengo wake nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha. Zinthu zochepetsera madzi za Naphthalene series zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi β- Naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate.

Chokometsera

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma coagulants: accelerator ndi retarder. Ma accelerator amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afulumizitse kukhazikika ndi kuuma kwa matope, ndipo calcium formate ndi lithium carbonate zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Aluminate ndi sodium silicate zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ma accelerator. Retarder imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukhazikika ndi kuuma kwa matope, ndipo tartaric acid, citric acid ndi mchere wake, komanso gluconate zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.

Wothandizira madzi

Zinthu zothirira madzi makamaka zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga chitsulo chosungunuka, zinthu za silane, mchere wamafuta acid, ulusi wa polypropylene, ndi rabara ya styrene butadiene. Zinthu zothirira madzi za Iron chloride zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yothirira madzi, koma zimatha kuwononga zitsulo ndi zitsulo. Mchere wa calcium wosasungunuka womwe umapangidwa ndi mchere wamafuta acid wokhala ndi ma calcium ions mu simenti umayikidwa pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimathandiza kutseka ma pores ndikupanga makoma a machubu a capillary kukhala malo osagwirizana ndi madzi, motero zimakhala ndi gawo losalowa madzi. Mtengo wa chinthu ichi ndi wotsika, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali kusakaniza matope mofanana ndi madzi.

ulusi

Ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope ouma ndi monga ulusi wagalasi wosagonjetsedwa ndi alkali, ulusi wa polyethylene (ulusi wa polypropylene), ulusi wa polyvinyl alcohol wolimba kwambiri komanso wokwera modulus (ulusi wa polyvinyl alcohol),ulusi wamatabwa, ndi zina zotero. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ulusi wa polyvinyl alcohol wamphamvu komanso wapamwamba wa modulus ndi ulusi wa polypropylene. Ulusi wa polyvinyl alcohol wamphamvu komanso wapamwamba wa modulus uli ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso mtengo wotsika kuposa ulusi wa polypropylene wochokera kunja. Ulusi umagawidwa mosagwirizana komanso mofanana mu simenti, ndipo umagwirizana kwambiri ndi simenti kuti ulepheretse kupangika ndikukula kwa ming'alu yaying'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope akhale okhuthala, motero amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi komanso kukana bwino kugwedezeka komanso kusweka. Kutalika kwake ndi 3-19 mm.

Wochotsa mafoam

Pakadali pano, ma defoamers a ufa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dry powder mortar makamaka ndi ma polyol ndi ma polysiloxanes. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma defoamers sikungosintha kuchuluka kwa thovu, komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa. Mu ntchito zenizeni, kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito, zowonjezera zingapo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mphamvu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikiranso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zomwe zawonjezeredwa. Zochepa kwambiri kuti ziwonetse mphamvu za zowonjezera; Zochuluka kwambiri, pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zoyipa.