Monga zipangizo zomangira zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kukonzekera ndi kukonza, konkire ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a thupi ndi makina, kulimba, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga. Komabe, n'zosatheka kupewa kuti ngati simenti, mchenga, miyala ndi madzi okha asakanizidwa, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala konkire wamba, mawonekedwe ake sali osangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo ndi osavuta kupukuta ndi kubwezera mchere. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa konkire yamkati nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi kapeti, vinilu kapena matailosi ndi zinthu zina zophimbira, ndipo khoma limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati wosanjikiza wokongoletsera, matailosi kapena matope omalizitsa, mapepala ophimba.
Masiku ano, njira yokongoletsera pamwamba pa konkriti yakhala imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino kwambiri zokongoletsa pamwamba pa konkriti ku North America ndi Australia. Izi zinayamba mu njira yopaka konkriti pamwamba pa konkriti (stampedconcrete), kutanthauza kuti, pamwamba pa konkriti yatsopano imapopedwa ndi chowumitsira utoto, pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amitundu ndi zinthu zotulutsa, pamwamba pa konkriti kuti itsanzire kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe achilengedwe, monga granite, marble, SLATE, mwala wamtengo wapatali kapena kapangidwe ka matabwa. Kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthu pazokongoletsa zachilengedwe. Ukadaulo uwu sungoyenera konkriti yatsopano yokha, komanso uyeneranso kukonzanso pamwamba pa konkriti yomwe ilipo, monga bwalo la nyumba, minda, misewu yolowera, maiwe osambira pansi pa malo ogulitsira ndi mahotela. Zotsatira zokongoletsa za gawo lotchedwa art mortar pamwamba pa konkriti ili ndi kukhulupirika kwachilengedwe komanso kwapadera, komwe kumatha kukonzanso mawonekedwe osasangalatsa a konkriti, komanso kuyika zokongoletsera ndi ntchito imodzi, zomwe sizimangokhala ndi chuma, kulimba komanso magwiridwe antchito a konkriti, komanso kuphatikiza kukongola ndi luso.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nthawi yokhalitsa ya zinthu zomangira konkire wamba imaposa kwambiri ya zinthu zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, pomwe zinthu zomangira ndi vinyl zimatha kung'ambika, kumamatira ndi kuwonongeka, komanso kuipitsidwa ndi madzi, ndipo zinthuzi ziyenera kusinthidwa zaka zingapo zilizonse. Malo omangira zojambulajambula ndi olimba ngati konkire, aukhondo komanso osavuta kusamalira, ndipo kukongoletsa kwake kumatha kufananizidwa mosavuta ndi kalembedwe ka zomangamanga zozungulira ndikuphatikizidwa ndi malo ozungulira. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zomangira makapeti kapena vinyl, malo omangira zojambulajambula sangawonongeke mosavuta chifukwa cha kung'ambika, kumamatira, kusweka kapena kusefukira kwa madzi; Palibe ulusi kapena ming'alu yobisa fumbi kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo, ndipo ndi zosavuta kuyeretsa kapena kutsuka popanda kukonza kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi njira yojambulira mapatani pamwamba pa konkire yatsopano, njira yomangira pamwamba pa zojambulajambula ndi yosavuta, yachangu komanso yotsika mtengo.
Ma ADHESufa wosungunuka wa emulsion - gawo lofunika kwambiri la matope aluso pamwamba
Mosiyana ndi matope wamba ophikira, matope ophikira a konkriti ayenera kukhala ndi polima wachilengedwe kuwonjezera pa utoto, ndipo matope awa ndi omwe timawatcha matope osakaniza ouma osinthidwa ndi polymer. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi simenti yosinthidwa ndi polymer zimapangidwa ndi simenti, aggregate, pigment, ADHES. ufa wosungunuka wa emulsion ndi zowonjezera zina, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kapangidwe ndi kulimba bwino mwa kusintha njirayo.
Zipangizo za pamwamba zosinthidwa ndi simenti ya polymer zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu uinjiniya wa pansi wamalonda m'zaka za m'ma 1980, poyamba ngati zipangizo zochepetsera zokongoletsa malo a konkire. Chokometsera chapamwamba chamakono sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kukongoletsa pansi pazochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso choyenera kukongoletsa makoma. Chokometsera chapamwamba chosinthidwa ndi polymer chikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi utoto woonda kwambiri, makulidwe ake akhoza kukhala kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchenga, kapena makulidwe a mamilimita makumi ambiri popanda kuda nkhawa ndi kusweka, kusweka, chofunika kwambiri, chokometsera chapamwamba chosinthidwa ndi polymer chili ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa mchere, zinthu zamphamvu, kuwala kwa ultraviolet, nyengo yovuta komanso kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yowononga.
Chomera chapamwamba cha zaluso chili ndi ADHESufa wosungunuka wa emulsion, yomwe imamatirira kwambiri imatha kutsimikizira mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa zinthu za pamwamba ndi konkriti, ndikupatsa matope aluso mphamvu yopindika komanso kusinthasintha, zomwe zimatha kupirira bwino katundu wosinthasintha popanda kuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, pamwamba pa matope amatha kuyamwa bwino kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi mkati mwa zinthuzo ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuti apewe kusweka ndi kuphulika kwa matope a pamwamba. Ngati ADHESufa wosungunuka wa emulsionNgati matope opangidwa pamwamba pa nthaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa matope opangidwa pamwamba pa nthaka kungachepenso kwambiri, motero kuchepetsa kulowa kwa mchere woopsa pa kukongoletsa kwa matope opangidwa pamwamba pa nthaka komanso kuwonongeka kwa kulimba kwa matopewo.
Kapangidwe ka matope osinthidwa pamwamba pa ADHES
Chomangira chaukadaulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo a konkire omwe alipo kale chiyenera kuchotsedwa mafuta ndikusungidwa mu uvuni. Ngati pali zinthu zina pamwamba pa konkire monga zokutira, matailosi, zomatira, ndi zina zotero, zinthuzi ziyenera kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina kuti zitsimikizire kuti pamwamba pa chomangira chaukadaulo mutha kumangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndi konkire. Pa gawo losweka, liyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale, ndipo malo a cholumikizira chowonjezera chomwe chilipo ayenera kusungidwa. Pambuyo pokonza koyambirira, pamwamba pa chomangira chaukadaulo mutha kupangidwa motsatira njira zoyenera.
Zalusomatopenjira yopangira lamination pamwamba
Pamwamba pake pali kukongoletsa kofanana ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopangira konkriti ingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira konkriti. Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira kapena chotsukira kuti muphimbe gawo lolumikizana la zinthu za simenti yosinthidwa ndi polima mopyapyala momwe mungathere, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchenga. Pamene gawo la putty likadali lonyowa, matope amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 10mm amaikidwa ndi chotsukira, zizindikiro za phulusa zimachotsedwa ndi chotsukira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasindikizidwa ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi cha konkriti yachikhalidwe yopangira konkriti. Pambuyo poti pamwamba pauma komanso kolimba, chotsukira chokhala ndi utoto chimapopedwa. Madzi otsekeredwa adzabweretsa mtunduwo kumadera otsika kuti apange kalembedwe kakale. Matumbo akauma mokwanira kuyenda, ma coat awiri a acrylic transparent finish sealant akhoza kuikidwa pamwamba pawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro choteteza kutsetsereka panja kumalimbikitsidwa, chivundikiro choyamba chikauma, kenako chimapangidwa ndi chivundikiro choteteza kutsetsereka, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pake pamatha kukanidwa maola 24 mutakonza, ndipo maola 72 amatha kutsegulidwa kuti anthu azitha kuyenda.
Njira yophikira pamwamba pa matope aluso
Kukhuthala kwa pafupifupi 1.5-3 mm, koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi panja. Kapangidwe ka gawo la putty lopaka utoto ndi kofanana ndi pamwambapa. Gawo la putty likauma, tepi ya pepala imamatiridwa mwachisawawa pa gawo la putty kuti ipange chitsanzo, kapena mawonekedwe opanda kanthu a pepala monga miyala, njerwa, matailosi amaikidwa, kenako matope amitundu yosiyanasiyana amathiridwa pa gawo la putty ndi compressor ya mpweya ndi mfuti yopopera funnel, ndipo zinthu zamtundu wa matope zomwe zimathiridwa pa putty zimakonzedwa bwino kapena kuponderezedwa ndi trowel. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malo okongola akhale okongola, athyathyathya, kapena osagwedezeka. Kuti apange zotsatira zachilengedwe komanso zenizeni, pamwamba pa matope ouma pakhoza kupukutidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi siponji yopaka utoto. Pambuyo poti malo ambiri opukutira atha, bwerezani zomwe zili pamwambapa kuti muwonjezere mtundu kapena kulimbitsa mtunduwo m'deralo. Mitundu ingapo ingasankhidwe malinga ndi zosowa, mtunduwo ukangowonekera bwino ndikulimbitsa, lolani pamwamba paume bwino, chotsani tepi kapena mawonekedwe opanda kanthu a pepala, yeretsani pamwamba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira choyenera.
Zalusomatopenjira yodzipangira utoto wodziyimira pawokha pamwamba pa gawo lapansi
Pa gawo ili, pamwamba pa matope odziyimira pawokha amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mkati, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu utoto kuti apange mapangidwe, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amalonda monga pansi pa ziwonetsero zamagalimoto, malo olandirira alendo ku hotelo ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu, m'mapaki okongola, komanso oyenera nyumba zamaofesi, pansi pa nyumba zotenthetsera. Kukhuthala kwa kapangidwe ka matope odziyimira pawokha osinthidwa ndi polymer ndi pafupifupi 10mm. Monga kapangidwe ka matope odziyimira pawokha, zolumikizira ziwiri za styrene acrylic emulsion zimayikidwa kaye kuti zitseke ma pores pa konkriti, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi, ndikuwonjezera kumamatirana pakati pa matope odziyimira pawokha ndi konkriti. Kenako, pamwamba pa matope odziyimira pawokha amafalikira ndipo thovu la mpweya limachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chopukutira mpweya. Pamene matope odziyimira pawokha auma kwambiri, zida zoyenera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula kapena kudula mawonekedwe malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi malingaliro ake, kotero kuti kukongoletsa komwe sikungapezeke ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera monga makapeti ndi matailosi sikungapezeke, ndipo ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mapangidwe, mapangidwe a zaluso, komanso ma logo a kampani angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo odziyimira pawokha, nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi ming'alu ya konkire ya substrate kapena zobisika zaluso za zigawo zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu pamwamba. Utoto ungapezeke powonjezera utoto kale.matope odziyimira okha osakanikirana ndi madzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opaka utoto pambuyo popaka utoto, zinthu zopaka utoto zomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera zimatha kuchitapo kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi zinthu za laimu zomwe zili mu matope, zomwe zimadula pang'ono ndikukonza mtundu womwe uli pamwamba. Pomaliza, choteteza kutseka utoto chimayikidwa.
Kumaliza kusindikiza ndi kupukuta
Kumaliza zomangira ndi kumaliza ndi gawo lomaliza pa zigawo zonse zokongoletsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka, kuvala ndi malo osalowa madzi a matope aluso, kuyambira zomangira zambiri zamafakitale zogwiritsidwa ntchito panja mpaka zopukutidwa zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba. Kusankha chomangira kapena sera yofanana ndi mtundu wa matope aluso kumatha kuwonjezera kamvekedwe ndikuwonjezera kunyezimira, ndipo zokutira zoyera zimatha kuwonetsa kukoma kwakale ndi kunyezimira kapena kupanga utoto wa mankhwala kuwonetsa madontho akuda. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi, chomangira kapena sera chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi, koma kukonza kumatha kuchitika pafupipafupi monga momwe zimachitikira ndi sera ya pansi. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa matope aluso ndi kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto, ngati kuyenda kwa magalimoto pansi kuli kokwera, choteteza chomangira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo. Kukonza nthawi zonse kumatha kusunga bwino kukongoletsa kwa pamwamba, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake yogwira ntchito.
Ndalama ndi zoletsa
Mtengo wapakati wa luso la konkritimatopeMalo ake nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera ndi 1/3-1/2 kuposa a zinthu zachilengedwe monga SLATE kapena granite. Zipangizo zolimba monga matailosi, granite kapena konkire yokongoletsera sizingakhale zokongola kwa ogula omwe amakonda zinthu zofewa monga makapeti kapena zinthu zofewa za vinyl. Zolakwika zitha kukhala kutentha pansi pa mapazi, kufalikira kwa phokoso ndi kuthekera kwa zinthu kugwa kusweka, kapena chitetezo cha mwana yemwe angakwawe kapena kugwa pansi. Anthu ambiri ali okonzeka kuyika makapeti ang'onoang'ono pansi zolimba kapena makapeti aatali m'misewu ndi m'malo oyendamo kuti awonjezere kukongola, koma kusankha zinthuzi kuyenera kuphatikizidwa mu bajeti.
Monga njira imodzi yothandiza yokongoletsera konkire, matope opangidwa ndi zaluso ndi osavuta, otchipa komanso olimba, osavuta kusamalira, ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera ndi luso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-23-2024